أزمة النزاع الحدودي بين غيانا البريطانية و فنزويلا عامي 1895-1899و أثرها حتى عام 1970

Abstract EN

The first quarter of the 19th.

century witnessed the revolutions of the Spanish colonies against the Spanish rule in Latin America, where most of the colonies were able to achieve independence in the twenties of the 19th century The independence to the countries of Latin America resulted in occurrence of many problems as a result of non-existence to patent and delineated borders amongst them.

Amongst those problems is the border dispute between the colony of British Guiana and Venezuela, which began slightly starting in 1822 and then took a serious form starting in 1840.

Attempts were made to resolve the dispute between Britain and Venezuela without achieving any success until 1895, which witnessed an important development that added to that conflict, that was no more important than any other of the various disputes that Latin America was suffering from.

A special importance represented in entering the united States forcefully into the conflict arena based on the Monroe doctrine and forcing Britain to submit the dispute to arbitration, which was rejected by Britain before.

The dispute ended up being submitted to an arbitration panel, which ruled in Britain's favour in 1899.

Despite the demarcation of the border between Britain and Venezuela in 1905 based on this ruling, the dispute renewed again after the publication of the memorandum of the American lawyer Mallet Prevost, who was a member of the Committee for the Defense of Venezuela before the arbitral tribunal.

Prevost dictated a memorandum in 1944 and recommended that it had to be published only after his death.

This memorandum was published after his death in 1949, in which Prevost confirmed that the arbitration decision of 1899 was the result of a political deal between Britain and Russia, which Venezuela relied on to consider the ruling invalid and submitted the matter to the United Nations in 1962 and the matter ended with the agreement of Britain and Venezuela to establish a tripartite committee from Britain, Venezuela and Guyana to examine the documents related to the subject and take the necessary arrangements for that through the diplomatic channels, but the tripartite committee failed in its mission and in 1966, the Geneva convention was signed between Britain and Venezuela to resolve the conflict, but no agreement was reached and in 1970, the Port of Spain Protocol was signed, which came to suspend the conflict between the two countries for at least 12 years, but in the end, nothing came of it and the problem remains so far unresolved.

The research deals with the roots of this conflict and the strong intervention of the United States in this dispute and the factors that prompted it to do so? The arbitral tribunal ruling in 1899 and raising the dispute again in 1949, presenting the matter to the United Nations and the failure of diplomatic efforts to resolve the dispute until 1970.