الأمريكيون الأفارقة و تأسيس جمهورية ليبيريا عام 1847م

Abstract EN

The present research explores the founding of the Republic of Liberia by the freed slaves who migrated from the United States; this founding was funded and organized by the American Colonization Society (ACS) which mainly aimed at dealing with the problem of the formerly enslaved African Americans (i.e.

the freed black slaves) through resettling them in Africa.

The project was supported by the United States under the presidency of James Monroe, after Congress passed the Anti-Slave Trade Act in March 1819.

The idea was initially to send these black slaves to Sierra Leone.

Nevertheless, this idea was not approved by the British Government.

That is why the tendency was to purchase a piece of land in Cape Missouri on the west coast of Africa from the indigenous peoples.

The colony has been called "Liberia”.

The colony subsequently underwent a major development, with land being purchased and new settlements being established.

It also played a role in fighting the slave trade in the region.

In the subsequent period, another development occurred as the colony gained some degree of autonomy, although the agent was appointed by the ACS, which retained the right of veto over the colony council's decisions.

The dispute between the Liberian colony and the British government in Sierra Leone over the customs cause imposed by the Liberian settlement on English merchants prompted the speedy declaration of independence of Liberia in 1847.

At the same time, the Maryland Colony, which was established by the Maryland Colonization Society in 1834, was also attempting to follow Liberia's example of gaining independence, but it was suffering from war with indigenous peoples, which made it feel threatened and seek to join the Republic of Liberia.

In 1857, Maryland was annexed to the Republic of Liberia.

From the beginning, however, Liberia suffered from a division between indigenous peoples and African-Americans who seized control of the new state.