التكيف و التخفيف من آثار تغير المناخ : دراسة حالة ترابط المياه و الطاقة في مملكة البحرين

Abstract EN

Many countries are devoting great attention to means of climate change adaptation and mitigation.

given that some adaptation measures have shared benefits for mitigation, there is merit in conducting a preliminary examination of their effectiveness.

options related to water management are among the most notable means available to gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries because the water–energy nexus is especially prominent in these countries.

this research aims to assess a number of options related to municipal water and electricity management in the Kingdom of Bahrain and that are aimed at achieving climate change adaptation and mitigation.

two dynamic models were built: one for the municipal water sector using water evaluation and planning (WEAP) software, and one for the electricity sector using long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) software for the period 2020–2030.

the modelling results show that combined implementation of options related to raising consumer awareness, using water-saving devices, and reducing the share of non-revenue water can contribute to a 29% reduction in water demand, additional to a 1.8% reduction in electricity and primary energy demand, along with carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions.

Penetration of renewable energies can contribute to reducing the municipal water sector’s carbon footprint from 1.25 million tons CO2e to 1.13 million.

this paper gives several recommendations for the national and regional levels to benefit from the water–energy nexus in climate change adaptation and mitigation.

additionally, it recommends exploring the effectiveness of options related to wetlands and food security, also to address adaption and mitigation.