الخبز في العراق العثماني إبان القرنين الثامن عشر و التاسع عشر للميلاد

Abstract EN

Bread was connected with the daily livelihood of the Iraqi man since the old ages as it began with growing wheat and ended with making bread.

This research entitled “Bread in the Ottoman Iraq during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries” aims at showing the importance of bread in the daily livelihood of people in the Iraqi wilayat, regions, during the Ottoman period.

As the subject deals with the economic side along with the cultural side, the research addresses both sides (The cultural and the historical).

The career of the baker was regarded among the economic structures of the region and a job equal to other jobs.

This means that the bakers had their rights and duties.

The research as well addresses the ways that were used to grind the spikes of the wheat, the methods of making bread, the role of the authority to inspect the procedure of making bread and its availability.

Finally, the research gives important results which are concluded from scattered information collected about this topic depending on different resources.

The research is expected to contribute in presenting knowledge about the social life of Iraq into the modern Iraqi History.