التفكير التوفيقي و علاقته بالمرونة المعرفية لدى طلبة قسم التاريخ في كلية التربية الأساسية بجامعة ديالي

Abstract EN

The current research aims to identify: 1- the conciliatory thinking among students of the department of history in the college of basic education.

2- cognitive flexibility of students of the department of history in the college of basic education.

3- the correlation between conciliatory thinking and cognitive flexibility among students of the department of history, college of basic education.

4-the extent of the contribution of cognitive flexibility to combinational thinking according to the gender variable (male – female.).

in order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the test of conciliatory thinking prepared by Abdul Rahman (2018) based on Morison's theory (2011, Morison), consisting of (22) items, each item has three alternatives, one option represents conciliatory thinking or the correct answer, and two negative alternatives that represent the wrong answer.

the face validity of the test has been verified by presenting it to a group of jury members and specialists.

the reliability has been verified by two methods, one of which was a re-test, as the reliability coefficient reached (0,82), and the other by alpha-Cronbach, and the reliability coefficient reached (0,80).

as for the second tool for the research (cognitive flexibility scale), the researcher has adopted the cognitive flexibility scale, which has been prepared by (Abdel Wahab, 2011), which consists of (30) items that have been formulated in the form of positive items and each one of them has (three) alternatives graded according to the three-dimensional Likert scale (fully applicable, applicable, unsure).

after deriving the face validity and construct validity of the tool, the reliability has been verified in two ways, one of which was a re-test and the reliability coefficient reached (77,0), and the other was alpha-Cronbach and reached (0,80) degree.

both tools were applied on a sample consisting of (175) male and female students , who have been chosen in a method of proportional random stratified sampling from the college of basic education at the university of Diyala.

the researcher relied on the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) in statistical processes to figure out the results.

the researcher used statistical methods like (t-test for one sample, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test for two independent samples, and z test, Cronbach's alpha formula, and simple regression analysis).

the research reached the following results: the students of history department have a good level of conciliatory thinking, compared to the theoretical average of the test, and with a significant difference.