نظام الطبيعة بين هولباخ وهيوم: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة

Abstract EN

The research aims to analyze Holbach and Hume's view of the system of nature, and the consequent results.

in this research, the comparative analytical method was followed.

the most important results of the research were that Holbach and Hume were both beginning the research from nature, so Holbach reached the material world consisting only of material and motion, and they are subject to a set of strict laws that do not change, unlike Hume who found that the law that is subject to him the natural world is the law of “association of meanings” which does not claim necessity, for what was found in the past may not exist in the future.

this analysis of Holbach's system of nature eventually led him to a denial of the existence of a creator for this nature, as there is no higher power above the material world, but rather he rejected all advices for the existence of God and the immortality of the soul.

unlike hume, who, rejected the evidence of the final cause, the first mover, and the necessary being, but returned and agreed on a proof similar to the evidence of "care and order", but Holbach found that the harmony that occurs in the universe is the result of the laws that govern the material world.

Holbach and Hume refused to return morals to god, and Holbach's opinion- unlike Hume-is that it is based on personal interests, or what is called (enlightened selfishness).

Holbach's view of the material world led him to atheism, and the same view of Hume led him to belief and acknowledgment of the existence of a god, even if he did not know his attributes, he even refused to perform any rituals of worship for him and was satisfied with his worship by mere knowledge of him.