التفاعل الاجتماعي و علاقته بالتفاؤل و التشاؤم لدى طلبة كلية التربية الأساسية في جامعة الموصل

Abstract EN

The research aimed to: 1- Identify the level of social interaction among students of College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.

2- Identify the level of optimism and pessimism at College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.

3- Identify the relationship between social interaction and optimism and pessimism among students of College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul.

The main research sample consisted of (400) male and female students who were tested in an equal, stratified and intentional manner, by (25) male and female students from each academic stage after defining the sample of the departments from which the research sample was selected by (4) sections, including two scientific sections: (Science, Mathematics) and two human sections (Geography, Arabic Language).

The two researchers used the scale of social interaction prepared by (Al-Nuaimi 2009) and the scale of optimism and pessimism prepared by (Al-Hakak 2010) and after extracting the face validity by presenting them to experts and fixing them in the method of testing and re-testing and applying the two scales to the sample of the main research and correcting the students’ answers.

The data were treated statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test for one sample and t-test for the significance of the correlation coefficient, and the researchers reached a set of the following results: 1.

There is a statistically significant difference between the two arithmetic averages in favor of the arithmetic mean of the students' scores, and this indicates that the students of College of Basic Education have a good level of social interaction among them.

2.

There is a statistically significant difference between the two arithmetic averages in favor of the arithmetic mean of the students' scores, and this indicates that the students of College of Basic Education have a good level of optimism among themselves and a low level of pessimism.

3.

There is a positive relationship between social interaction, optimism and pessimism.

In light of the results, the two researchers identified a number of recommendations and suggestions, including: 1.Enhancing the level of social interaction among students of College of Basic Education; because it is one of the important aspects of their personalities by raising the chances of their pa rticipation in various social and educational fields.

2.

We recommend Ministries of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research to render the concept of optimism that was mentioned in the research into the different curricula.

3.

Conducting a similar study in social interaction on other stages of study, such as the secondary stage.

4.

Conducting a follow-up study to examine the development of the concept of optimism-pessimism among children.