تقدمة إنائي الذهب ms rrmwy n nwb في مصر القديمة

Abstract EN

This research paper deals with an important topic of the ancient Egyptian religion as mentioned in the texts of some Egyptian temples from the Greek and Roman eras, which is related to the introduction of rare and few rose offerings in the Ptolemaic and Roman temples in Egypt (the offering of gold pots rrmwy).

This offering is only in the texts of the two temples of Horus Behdeti in Edfu and Hathor in Dendera.

No other temple is known in which this offering was mentioned so far, and it did not appear before the beginning of the Greek and Roman eras in any source of religious texts prior to this period.

This offering consists of two gold vessels of similar shape and size, connected by a horizontal link that ties them together to facilitate carrying and presenting, and also presented to the goddess Hathor individually in the temple of Dendera, and the texts of this offering reveal that its purpose is to give Horus and Hathor (in particular) unparalleled divine qualities among the other deities in Edfu and Dendera in a magical way during this offering, especially with regard to the characteristics of protection and a strong elimination Evil, chaos that threaten the sacred environment of the temple in particular or Egypt and the stability and balance of the universe in general, and this is evident through their titles mentioned in the texts of this introduction and after careful analysis of them, all of them are attributes and titles related to appearance, transfiguration, radiance and brilliance because they are solar deities, creator, as this came titles are perfectly proportional to the nature of the pure gold element.

In the case of the goddess Hathor, and as mentioned in the texts of this offering for Hathor in the Temple of Dendera in particular, and by reciting magical spells with the release of antiw incense mixed with the essence of the sacred lotus flower scent from the two identical gold vessels, the goddess Hathor is symbolically merged with other female deities (such as Isis, Bastet, Wajit, Nekhbet, Sekhmet and others) and they are the strong lionesses who protect the solar entity (daughters of Re) so that Hathor becomes the powerful Eye of Re, great magic and super powerful protection in a single entity that is unparalleled among other male and female deities alike