الأقليات غير المسلمة في العهد المدني النبوي

Abstract EN

Purpose: The research aims to uncover the position of non-Muslim minorities within society, and their presence, rights, duties, and obligations based on the prophetic arrangement in creating civil peace through both awareness and reality by referring to the foundational source ofthe legal rulings related to other religious groups before the stage of the jurisprudential codification of the adopted doctrines, whose legal theory was mixed in some of its rulings with historical coercions.

The goal is to present the Islamic alternative that is the guarantor of civil peace and the guardian of religious freedoms.

Methodology: I adopted the inductive approach in collecting texts and facts from the Sunnah and the Prophet’s biography, as well as the historical method in describing and analytical in reaching judgments and findings.

Findings: The research highlighted Islamic justice in treating those of different religions and argued for utilizing the Prophet’s Sunnah in managing religious differences, drawing inspiration from the Prophet’s biography in drafting contemporary laws for Muslim countries.

and the study also provides expertise for international human rights organizations, and concluded that political and legal jurisprudence must be reviewed in what is known as the rulings of the Dhimmis from the perspective of the correct Sunnah.

Originality: Authenticity appears in referring to texts and facts that established guidance for dealing with the religious other through the Prophet’s biography and how to manage legal life in situations of peace and war, in contrast to the oppressive conditions of religious minorities in the medieval world.