العوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة فى نشأة و تطور مملكة الفونج (910 ه-1237 ه-1504 م-1821 م)‎

Abstract EN

Geographical factors play a major role in the emergence and development of states and kingdoms, ancient and modern.

Therefore, geopolitics studies the relationship of man to the environment and is interested in studying the political units above the surface of the earth, ie the study of the state as a unit that has a distinct personality affected by its internal conditions of resources, population and surface manifestations as it affects and affects what surrounds it.

from neighbors in an integrated system that aims to meet the needs of the population or contribute to spreading the well-being of its residents and the residents of the neighboring region.

there are many geographical factors that contributed to the emergence and development of the Funj Kingdom, which ruled large parts of the present Sudan in the period from (910 AH- 1237 AH.

1504 AD - 1821 AD).

and it has made many achievements that established Islam in central Sudan.

this paper aims to discuss the most important geographical factors affecting the emergence and development of the Fung Kingdom.