الاستشراق ونقد الإلحاد

Abstract EN

The interests of the West in the East began in the past, as it constitutes the strategic political and economic framework since the conflict between the Greeks and the Persians, but these interests did not transform and did not crystallize cognitively except in the middle ages.

which made its subject the subject of the East, which geographically represents the territories belonging to the non-European continents, or, as the ancient world was called: Asia and Africa.