تمويل مشاريع الاستثمار الوقفي : دراسة مقارنة بين التأصيل المقاصدي الشرعي و بين أنموذج القطاع الثالث الغربي

Abstract EN

The philosophy of Islam, in all its systems of life, is based on the satisfaction of the needs of the human being.

It categorizes his needs - in their substance - into material and spiritual needs - and in their space and time dimensions - present, in this life, and future, in the other eternal life.

On this, the scholars (Ulamas) of Islamic law have conceived a full-fledged science, explored through the examination of the texts of the Shari'a (the Qur'an and the Sunnah), later known as the science of the aims and purposes of Islamic jurisprudence (Maquasid Al-Shari'a), which is distinguished by the characteristics of originality, flexibility, and evolution, in order to respond to the different needs of man - irrespective of the different circumstances and environments in which he lives.

It is in this context that charitable activity in the history of Islamic civilization has developed from donations that started with the satisfaction of the spiritual and moral needs of the Muslim individual, revealing itself in the form of mosques, Qur'anic schools and libraries, and later expanding to other categories of donations, Taking into account the changing needs of the individual scattered across the vast geographical area of the Muslim world, stretching from Tangier in the West to Jakarta in the East, donation projects in the form of clinics, restaurants, orchards, gardens, orphanages and other infrastructures appeared, reflecting the peculiarity of this Shariah to meet the various needs of human beings by removing their embarrassment.

When Muslim civilization collapsed, the third sector of charity itself deteriorated, while Western nations made enormous progress in this area that is difficult to catch up with due to their accelerated pace of evolution.

This article attempts -by analogy - to examine the philosophy of charity work in Western countries to detect the key success factors attached to it, try to understand them, and then project them onto our faltering Islamic experience while preserving our identity and value system, then look for the reasons for the stagnation, or rather the decline, of the donation (Waqf) activities, in order to derive the appropriate model that better meets the needs of the contemporary Muslim individual and boosts him toaccomplish his mission of calling to the path of Allah and development.