الأوضاع الصحية في الحجاز من خلال كتابات الرحالة الروس في القرن (13-14ه 19-20م)‎ : " مشاهدات مختارة"

Abstract EN

The research deals with health conditions that were prevalent in the cities of Hijaz, specifically at Makkah and Madinah through what was written by observations and observations made by Russian travelers who visited Hijaz during the Hajj season during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries / nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The delegation of those pilgrims traveling to perform the Hajj pilgrimage recorded their observations, which have become among the most important historical sources that talk about the political, social, economic, religious, and health conditions of the Hejaz in that period.

It is well known that appearance of Russian travelers at the beginning of the fourteenth century AH/nineteenth century AD, and their interest in the Arab Gulf region, and the countries of Hijaz in particular, was in its essence due to colonial rivalry between European countries and Russia, especially the British Empire on the one hand, and between the Ottoman Empire, which is now covered in a deep hibernation that is not supernatural, and what attracts attention as well is what it planned Caesarean Germany by constructing the Baghdad railways to connect the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf, which required the wrath of both the British Empire and Tsarist Russia at the same time.