التعرض للتنمر اللفظي و علاقته بالصلابة النفسية لدى عينة من الأطفال المكفوفين

Abstract EN

This research aims to investigate the relationship between verbal bullying and psychological hardness among blind children, and it also aimed to reveal the differences between males and females in the degree of their exposure to bullying and the impact of this on their degrees of psychological hardness.

the age stage that the study tackles with, is significant, particularly, the early childhood socialization is critically significant for a child.

hence, there should be a designing of counseling programs concerning the psychological hardness for blind children.

the study significance is represented in tackling with the concept of bullying, which is a concept spread out in society.

social hardness is a significant variable in the psychological health concepts which if being studied sufficiently, especially for the blinds, it will affect positively on the society.

the study sample consisted of two groups of 60 blind children divided into (30 males, 30 females), the ages of the children in the two groups ranged between (9-12) years, with an average age of 125.61 months and a standard deviation of 10.84, a minimum of 106 months and a maximum of 143 months, and parity was made between the two groups in a number of variables such as age and intelligence level.

the social and economic level.

the bullying scale (prepared by the researcher) and the psychological hardness scale (prepared by the researcher) were applied.

the results of the study revealed a statistically significant correlation between the degrees of psychological toughness and the degrees of bullying.

the results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between males and females in the average scores of the psychological hardness scale toward females, as well as statistically significant differences between males and females in the average scores of the bullying scale toward males.