الآثار الاقتصادية لاستخدام الأسمدة الكيماوية في الزراعة المصرية

Abstract EN

Research shows that agricultural chemical fertilizers are the most important key elements of production kits in Egyptian and international agriculture, these vehicles are used to increase the production and supply of soil and plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, as research shows increasing Rates of consumption of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production in Egypt and was due to expansion in the reclamation and cultivation of new lands as well as the application of agricultural intensification program and highly productive varieties to meet the food shortage problem of increasing population, as the Egyptian farmer thinks it Chemical fertilization rates increase will increase production and achieve the highest profit, explained Research findings that global production of chemical fertilizers increased yearly about moral 2.482, 1.029, 0.698 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer each and phosphate and potash, representing about 2.4%, 2.2%, 2.2%, respectively, of the annual average for each of them separately As it turned out, that global consumption of fertilizer study having moral annual increase of approximately 2.108, 0.873, 0.379 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer each and phosphate and potash, representing approximately 2.2%, 2.1%, 1.4% of the annual average for each of them separately, and shows that world exports of Chemical fertilizers increased annually by about 1.955, 0.712, 0.584 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer each and phosphate and potash, representing about 4.5%, 3.7%, 2.1%, respectively, of the annual average for each of them separately, as it turns out that global imports of fertilizer and phosphate increased annually Some moral 1.631, 0.389 million tons, representing about 3.9%, 2.1% respectively of average annual apiece.

As it turns out Egypt production of nitrogenous fertilizers lower moral annual about 0.299 million tons represents approximately 4.8% of the annual average, as Egypt consumption decreased from an annual decline in phosphate and nitrogen about 0.273, 0.014 million tons each, representing about 4.2%, 5.8% respectively of average Annual report, this may be due to lower production and higher fertilizer prices, as Egypt's exports of State fertilizer and phosphates moral annual increase amounted to about 77.276, 51.819 thousand tons each, representing about 7.9%, 15.2% respectively of average annual apiece, and increase the amount of Egypt imports of phosphate fertilizer annually about moral 0.375 tons of phosphate fertilizer, representing about 19.03% of the annual average.

The results showed that as the most important factors affecting domestic demand of fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer prices, the value of plant production and crop area so that the higher price of nitrogen fertilizers by 10% led to lower demand for nitrogenous fertilizers by 4.15%, and to increase both The value of plant production and crop area by 10% lead to increased local demand for fertilizers nitrogenous by approximately 18.9% 47.8%.

It turns out that the most important factors affecting domestic demand of phosphate fertilizer prices are phosphate, plant production value, total debt in kind of fertilizer, as flexibility coefficient of about 0.025, 1.05, 0.537 respectively, estimating demand for potash fertilizers showed that The higher price of 10% potassium fertilizers led to lower demand for potash fertilizers increased by 18.6%, and to increase both the value of plant production and plant production loans and gross loans of 10% fertilizers leads to increased domestic demand for potash fertilizers increased by approximately 7.3%, 11.3% and 4.3% respectively.

A study of the effect of using chemical fertilizers on the productivity of major cereal crops (wheat, corn-rice) show that the productivity of wheat crop shows that flexible nitrogen fertilizer was estimated at approximately 0.62, which means that one unit change in the amount of nitrogen fertilizers leads to productivity feddan Wheat rose 0.62 ardebs an acre, phosphate fertilizer element flexibility also estimated about 0.032 and that means that a change in one unit in the amount of phosphate fertilizers leads to increased productivity feddan of wheat by 0.032 ardebs an acre, as for the maize crop has been found Having an inverse relationship between nitrogen fertilizer use and productivity per feddan of corn that is extravagant in the use of nitrogen fertilizer, a direct correlation between potash fertilizer use and productivity per feddan of corn, as it turns out having a direct correlation between nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer use and productivity feddan for rice.

Recommendations: 1.

The need to increase production quantity of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers results showed a deficit estimated as approximately 0.21 million tonnes during the study period, and through the establishment of new factories and production lines to cover consumer needs and export the surplus abroad On the other hand.

2.

To rationalize the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the production of wheat and maize where there search found in profusion by applying special guidelines fertilization recommendations for each crop according to the needs of the cultivated varieties of these crops.

3.

Full coordination among cooperatives and Development Bank doesn't even happen purely rig decisions fertilizer formulations, disbursement decisions fertilizer formulations for actual farm land so don't use fertilizer prices landowners and they sell it on the black market.

4.

Instruct farmers to use organic fertilizers, which require more support, guidance and activating the role of the private sector.

5.

A study of desired amounts of fertilizer for each crop planted items according to regions and provinces through fertilizer map to cereal crops in