من قيل إلى ملك : سعد شمس أسرع و ابنه مرثد يهحمد أنموذجا

Abstract EN

Throughout the history of its administrative development, Yemeni society knew progressively the system of government, coupled with other stages.

By virtue of its characteristics, it imposed multiple forms of governance represented in the multiplicity of titles, which resulted in the beginning of a new stage in a transformation of titles, especially among tribal leaders in the regions of Saba Kingdom during the period of its weakness and the emergence of new authority was represented by the authority of the tribal leaders who were originally independent to rule in their regions, and it embodied the actual authority, in what is known as the system of "gialh", which was based on its strength on tribal alliances and federations, helped by the nature of the terrain and internal and external political factors that interfered in the form of its features and development with the period of weakness of the central state represented by the Kingdom of Saba and the restriction of its influence in the northern areas of the western plateau.

And to track the course of events, we decided that, accordingly, the consistency of the research axes should be based on seven axes, detailing them on different points, according to the information obtained from the available sources from Arab and foreign inscriptions and sources.

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Introduction .

Definition of Saba.

Definition of the term (Gial).

Access to power.

Their wars fought.

Their alliances with the Himyarites.

Conclusion.