المتقدمون و المتأخرون من الأشاعرة الفروق و الآراء من خلال مقدمة ابن خلدون : دراسة تحليلية نقدية

Abstract EN

One of the common terms that is frequently repeated in the books of speech and the tongues of speakers and historians is the term advanced and late, that term that is launched and then the mind goes its doctrines in determining what is meant by it, and identifying the individuals intended by it.

The first thing that arouses reflection on this term is the expansion of uses and the multiplicity of restrictions by which it is restricted, sometimes it is used restricted to the people of speech in general, it is said: the advanced or late speakers, and sometimes it is used restricted to a specific group of the people of speech, for example: the advanced or late Mu'tazila, Shiites, Ash'aris, or others.

Then comes the thorny question: What is the basis for this distinction between applicants and latecomers of each of these sects? Is this basis pure time difference? Or does the distinction between them go beyond this time difference to a methodological or scientific difference? For this reason, this research came to answer some aspects of these questions with regard to the advanced and late Ash'aris in particular, through what Ibn Khaldun wrote in his famous introduction.

I divided it into: an introduction, four sections, and a conclusion.

As for the introduction: it included the problem of the research and the statement of its subject, plan, and methodology.

As for the four mabahith, they are located in the most important differences mentioned between the advanced and the late Ash'ari.

As for the conclusion: I made it for the results of the research.

• Research Methodology: Used in this research: 1- Inductive approach.

2- Descriptive and analytical approach.

3- Critical approach.

• The most important findings of the research: 1- The term advanced and late Ash'ari, if launched, is not intended to indicate a time difference only between two eras of the Sunnis, but goes beyond this to indicate some methodological and scientific differences as well, which requires the user to notice these differences, even in a general way, to control the term and preserve it from the thumb.

2- Among the most important issues that were the reason for the separation of the Ash'aris into advanced and late: 1) The question of the invalidity of the meaning of the invalidity of his evidence.

2) Introducing the response to philosophers in theology.

3) The subject of theology.

4) Using the measurement of the absent on the witness in proving the divine attributes.