الحماية الجزائية للأمن الحيوي للأغذية المعدلة وراثيا : دراسة مقارنة

Abstract EN

The world today is witnessing a race by countries and companies to obtain new beverages of agricultural crops that are more resistant to climate change, insects and diseases, thanks to developments in genetics.

these GMOs have benefits and potential risks to human health and the environment, which has prompted the inter national community, through the United nations, to take a precautionary approach through the 2000 united nations convention on biological diversity in montreal and the biosafety protocol, which set rules to regulate circulation, handling, production and use.

genetically modified organisms that can have harmful effects on human health, which led to the desire of states to tighten and adapt the provisions of the pe nal code to address the environmental damage resulting from them, whether through legislative texts or judicial rulings, and to pay special attention to crimes that occur to health people and the environment due to the illegal production and exploitation of food and genetically modified organisms.

it was imperative to determine its ma terial and moral element for these crimes, and to clarify the penalties imposed on the perpetrators.