الإمام علي بن موسى الرضا عليه السلام و المأمون : دراسة في تاريخ التشيع في العصر العباسي الأول

Abstract EN

Imam Ali al-Ridha bin Musa al-Kadhim, son of Jaafar al-Sadiq, son of Muhammad al-Baqir, son of Ali Zain al-Abidin, son of al-Hussain the martyr, son of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon them).

He is the eighth in the series of the twelve infallible imams, whom the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) established as caliphs after him.The life of Imam al-Ridha, peace be upon him (148-203 AH), during his coexistence with the Abbasid regime, is divided into two phases:The first stage: Imam Ali al-Ridha (peace be upon him) lived in it under the shadow of his father, and contemplated three of the rulers of the Abbasid state: Al-Mahdi (d.

169 AH), Al-Hadi (d.

170 AH), and Al-Rasheed (d.

193 AH), and this stage of his honorable life is a harsh and difficult stage, not only for him Rather, it was upon the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) in particular and the Shiites in general, so he used to watch his father being transferred from prison to prison, and how the government of al-Hadi and al-Rashid pursued and restricted him.

He (peace be upon him) also witnessed the (waqiea alfakh) (8th of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah 169 AH), in which al-Hussain ibn Ali ibn al-Hassan and a group of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) were martyred.

He (peace be upon him) saw the persecution of the Alawites, the demolition of their homes, the confiscation of their money, and their incarceration in prisons.The second stage: which is the period of his blessed imam, which lasted twenty years (183-203 AH), during which he witnessed the rest of the rule of Harun al-Rashid (170-193 AH), and after him his deposed son Al-Ameen (198-198 AH) and the beginning of the reign of Al-Ma’mun (198-218 AH) who reigned to him in the mandate of the Covenant.

The Imamate period of Imam Ali al-Ridha (peace be upon him) is an important historical stage in the history of the Abbasid state in its first era, as the Abbasid house witnessed an internal struggle that ended with the killing of Muhammad al-Amin bin Harun al-Rashid at the hands of his brother al-Ma’mun’s forces.

This event was not the most prominent at this stage, and perhaps Al-Ma’mun’s attempt was to expel the king from the Abbasids to the Alawites by offering to concede to Imam al-Rida (peace be upon him), and the Imam refused this offer and was forced to accept the mandate of the covenant.

Alawites in the history of the Abbasid state and the history of Shiism is still the focus of researchers.

thank Allah the god of everything.