المذهب الظاهري : نشأته و رجاله-أصوله و سماته

Abstract EN

This study seeks to study the origins and characteristics of Zahiriyyah doctrine, elaborating its history and the secret of attributing it to Zahir, through an inductive and analytical approach.

The study concludes that the doctrine originated in the East at the hands of Dawud bin Ali al-Zahiri, but disappeared for a while, until it was restored by Ibn Hazm.

This school of thought had a number of scholars who were disciples of these two imams directly or indirectly.

The doctrine was based on consideration of apparent meanings of texts, denial of opinion and analogous thinking in Sharia.

Its main foundational principles are: The Book, the Sunnah and the consensus of the Companions.

The advocate of this doctrine sees that no one can imitate another without knowing his detailed proofs.

Despite the fact that this school was established to preserve and follow the texts, but the denial of opinion and analogical reasoning brought it to the denial of the manifest meanings in some texts too.

Also, by denying the legality of analogy they failed to give the evidence they named Istishab its due place.

The Hanbali school of thought avoided these shortages and gradually replaced the Zahiriyyahschool in the Muslim world.