دراسة المعالم الوراثية وسلوكية الإباء وتضريباتها التبادلية النصفية في الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L.

Abstract EN

Six inbred lines of corn (ZM4L, ZM1L, ZP-301, ZM19L, OH, and UU440), originating in America except the third from Yugoslavia, were included in a half-cross breeding program during the 2016 spring season.

They were included with their parents, in addition to the commercial hybrid (Kadz), in the comparison experiment during the 2017 spring season at AlZalaia area, which belongs to Al-Dour District - Salah Al-Din Governorate.

The experimental unit included two lines with a length of 3 m, the distance between a line and another was 0.70 m and between plants 0.25 m in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.

The studied traits were: Number of days from planting to tasseling, number of days from planting to silking, leaf area surrounding the ear (cm2 ), plant height (cm), number of rows/ ear, number of grains/ row, weight of 300-grain (g), and Individual plant yield (g).

The most important results were: The source of the variation for the genotypes and the two abilities were significant for all traits.

The parent 6 was significantly superior in the number of days to tasseling and silking (61.00 and 66.33) days, sequentially, and the parent 3 in the number of grains/ row (35.23) and Individual plant yield (79.39 g).

Also, the hybrid (4 ×1) was significantly superior in the number of days to tasseling and silking, and weight of 300-grain (62.00 day, 67.33 day, and 76.66 g) sequentially.

The hybrid (2×3) has significant differences in tasseling (62.66 day), leaf area (821.27 cm2 ), number of rows/ ear (18.53), and weight of 300-grain (77.93 g), also the hybrid (3×5) in traits of the number of days to tasseling (62.66 day), number of grains/ row (42.46 grain), and the yield (192.30 g).

The dominance variance had complete control over all the studied traits, unlike the additive variance.

The narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance values were low, and the average degree of dominance was greater than one for all traits.

Therefore, these traits can be developed by adopting the crossbreeding method instead of the selection method.