الاقتصاد الخفي وآثاره الاقتصادية في العراق

Abstract EN

The phenomenon of the hidden economy is one of the phenomena that the economies of the world suffer from, both developing and developed, and if they differ from one country to another, they differ for their origins, size, and ways of containing them, as well as economic, social and political conditions in each country, and studies confirm that the hidden economy is increasing at a high rate that may exceed the rate of growth the formal economy, especially in developing countries, is due to interrelated factors such as existing political and economic systems, such as tax, living standards, the labor market, and other reasons.

the hidden economy is represented in economic activities practiced by a number of members of society that may be legitimate or unlawful, resulting in an entry that does not fall within the national accounts of countries, because it is practiced in secrecy away from official records with the aim of evading the payment of entitlements due to them and away from the existing regulations, laws and legislations as Iraq is one of the developing countries, there are many indicators that confirm the emergence and growth of the hidden economy in it, which does not contribute to the gross domestic product, but contributes to creating job opportunities for many of the unemployed, which helps the labor market in employment.

the research aims to cover the theoretical aspects of the hidden economy, as well as the extent of its contribution to the labor market and employment, with a focus on this phenomenon in relation to the Iraqi economy, according to previous studies, despite its scarcity the research was based on the descriptive and analytical approach to study this phenomenon in Iraq and for the period from 2003 to the present time.

the research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the adoption of a formula for economic treatments and controls and the enforcement of laws to provide an effective economic climate.