العلوم الفيزيائية المعاصرة: بين التفسير السببي والتأويل

Abstract EN

Physics is a natural science that studies the laws governing the phenomena of the universe and reveals the implications of them.

The necessary relationships between the variables of physical phenomena are expressed in a logical, formal mathematical language: explaining the reasons for their occurrence, and predicting the inevitable results expected from them.

Thus, physics succeeded in studying ordinary phenomena, but when it tried to break into microphysical and macrophysical phenomena, it collided with the complexities and entanglement of physical particles, and especially with the dilemma of the particle-wave duality of microscopic objects (electrons, photons...).

This has led researchers, on the one hand, to review classical physical concepts such as: mass, energy, space, time, velocity, and others; On the other hand, engaging in an epistemological debate -especially between Einstein (the pioneer of the theory of relativity) and Bohr and Heisenberg (the pioneers of the Copenhagen School) - about the principles of causal explanation and deterministic prediction in quantum mechanics.