الدول النامية و الفهم العلمي لإشكالية التخلف

Abstract EN

Economic Backwardness is a compound phenomenon in its economic social psychological and political forms which was adopted by several theories ,some of them focused on the geographical factors, the other on the Social educational and psychological factors whereas, other theories focused on visions circle of poverty and the other Saw it as one of the development Stages While hers saw that its worsened phase due to the negative effects of an equal International relations.

So there are many different explanations to this phenomenon.

The best understanding is stemming from seeing it as a phase of latency inside the human Societies and its accumulation lead to make gaps in many fields of the Society as (income, health, education and technology) which form this phenomenon, together.

It can be Said that the industrial revolution broke out in the middle of 18th century founding the first beginnings of this phenomenon where the transference form using manpower to machine power in the beginning of 20th century and the Scientific and technological revolution in 1970s were the cove of the complexity of this phenomenon.

The first industrial revolution leads to quik development in many countries as some of then leap as the advanced industrial countries and the other make slow leaps which deepened on Backwardness, beside that there were internal and external factors contributing to this phenomenon one of the external factor is the imperialism and its control on the developing countries ٢ and rub boring their (human material) resources for centuries, Also the capitalist countries partici pated in the making obstacles’ in developing the economies of developing countries inddition internal factors participated in thus obstacles, Such as customs and traditions which hindering the development of production powers.

Shortage in necessary skills and experiences for using the new science methods is resulted in Backwardness in education methods inside developing countries and facing difficulties in coping with the development in the industrial countries besides the Backwardness of the political cites of the executive power and legislative power and the corruption with its different form which widely spread in those countries help in spreading this phenomenon.