التيمار (الإقطاع العسكري)‎ في فلسطين في القرن العاشر الهجري السادس عشر الميلادي

Abstract EN

This article deals with military feudalism (the timar system) in Palestine during the 10th H.

/ 16th A.

D.

century.

It had first appeared in the Buwayhid period and continued under the Saljuqs, Mamluks and Ottomans.

The article clarifies the types of timar: the khass al-hamayuni (private income of the sultan), the khass amir al-umara (private income of the chief commander), the zi‘amet and the timar and distinguishes the fees and taxes that the timar holder collected : the ‘ushr, the kharaj and the fees on the number of sheep, and the badhuwa, the jizyah, hisbah and ‘urfi fees.

The regulations for the timars, the method of distribution, the officials responsible and the problems that they faced, whether related to the sipahis or the peasants and the ways by which the sipahis managed their timars and the methods that they followed to collect their dues and the social and economic consequences that resulted from its performance, especially on the sipahis, some of whom became rich and the peasants whose condition worsened due to what they had to pay to the timar holders.