أفكار الإصلاح و التغيير في إيران في القرن التاسع عشر

Abstract EN

Through the bad huge circumstances which Iran lived in the ١٩th century appeared inside the society with all its groups , sects, groups and individuals who wanted reforms and changes that assure them prosperous life .

The educated people were among them .

They turned for it looking to the modern ideas and their interaction with the European groups to the saver for social and miserable people from what they were be .

Therefore it is not strange that those are thinking and planning for making a basic change in politic , economical and social group for kajarist country.

The military field was fro the first fields which gain the changes in the light of Eurpean patterns on the hand of Abbas mirza, the leader of Azerbijan and the oldest son for Fath Ali Shah and his crowned prince.

When Mirza Mohammed khan became aleader : (great prince) who was described by Iranian and western sources as Iran never faced like him in the sixth centuries from its modern history .

The greatest intiality in Iran (١٨٤٨ – ١٨٥١) , He adapted the throu reform from anumber of institutions, among the most important was " school of Arts " or " Dar ALFunoon " Malcom khan was one of the pioneers of reformational school .

He was the real founder and the spiritual leader for the missionary movement .

Also Mirza fath Ali Akandov (١٨١٢ – ١٨٧٨) , the theatrical figure and distinguished thinker of Azerbaijan , and Mirza Hussain khan Musheer AL_ Dulla (١٨٢٨ – ١٨٨١ ) , and Abid AL_Raheem Talbov , the Iranian minister in Pitsburg , and Jamal ALDin ALAfghani , who was the most distinguished between them .

Some believed him to be the leader of the Religious_ radical coallision .

The contribution of these reformers and others in alerting peoples minds to the demerits of the kajar tyranny , and their call to work for freedom and reform succeeded in achieving their goal in establishing a constitutionalized rule and a parlimantary system (parliament ) ,in Iran in the beginning of the twentieth centary