الحدوث الوبائي لمرض الصدأ الأصفر على القمح الطري في سورية خلال موسم 2010، و أداء الأصناف المعتمدة و المبشرة، و تحديد أولي لمورثات المقاومة الفاعلة إزاء وبالات الممرض

Abstract EN

A field survey to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.

f.

sp.

tritici Eriks) on bread and durum wheat in Syria was conducted during 2010.

The disease was wide-spread in irrigated and first agroecological zone on most bread wheat varieties at Al-Hasakeih (Al-Kamishly and Malkeih), Al-Raqqa, Der Al-Zor (irrigated zones), Aleppo, Edlib, Hama and Homs, and in the second agroecological zone at Al-Hasakeih, Al-Raqqa and Aleppo governorates.

Such a wide epidemic spread of yellow rust which occurred in Syria during 2010 was not observed earlier.

Most released varieties(Cham 8, Cham 10, Bohouth 8, Cham 6, Cham 4 and Julan 2), and promising varieties (Douma 17322, D.40306, D.40697, D.40700, D.40765, D.42064, D.42151, D.42828 and ACSAD 981) were highly susceptible to the disease under severe epidemic natural infection conditions.

Douma 2, Douma 4, Bohouth 4, Bohouth 6, D.40444, D.40447, D.48114, Douma 48335 and ACSAD 1071 were moderately susceptible or moderately resistant.

The reaction type of Babaga 3 ranged between moderately susceptible and resistant, whereas ACSAD1133 was moderate resistant or resistant.

The number of pathogen virulences in Syria during 2010 season was 20 (Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, YrMor, Yr17, YrCv, YrA, Yr18, Yr18+, Yr20, Yr21, Yr22, Yr23, Yr25, Yr27, Yr27+?, Yr28, Yr29 and Yr31), 19 virulences were recorded in Al-Yanboo an Al-Kamishly (North-east of Syria), where the disease epidemic was severe.

The virulence types ranged between 11 and 13 in Aleppo, Hama and Homs governorates (Central and north regions of Syria), 10 in Dara'a (South-west of Syria), and one type in Tartous governorate (West of Syria).

Many resistant genes (Yr1, YrHVII, YrSD, YrSu, Yr3a, Yr4, Yr4a, Yr4b, Yr5, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, Yr16, Yr19, YrCle, YrSp, APR, and Yr32) remained effective against the mentioned virulences which prevailed.