تغطية الأخبار المحلية بالصحف اليومية السودانية : دراسة تطبيقية على صحيفتي الوطن و أخبار اليوم في الفترة من 2009-2010 م

Dissertant

عبد الرحمن، محمد توم رجبة هجو

Thesis advisor

محمد، بدر الدين علي حمد

University

Omdurman Islamic University

Faculty

Faculty of Information

Department

Department of Journalism and Publishing

University Country

Sudan

Degree

Master

Arabic Abstract

تناولت الدراسة بالبحث و التحليل تغطية الأخبار المحلية بالصحف اليومية في الفترة من العام 2009-2010م حيث استخدمت الدراسة عينة مكونة من صحيفتي الوطن و أخبار اليوم و من خلال اختيار عينة عشوائية مكونة من ثمانية و أربعين عددا مختلفا من جملة أعداد العامين 2009-2010م لكلتا الصحيفتين و قد قام الباحث بتقسيم الدراسة في أربعة فصول : مستخدما منهج تحليل المضمون من خلال استبانة حوت ستة عشر موضوعا ركزت جميعها إلى معرفة فاعلية و مضمون الخبر المحلى و ذلك لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة المتمثلة في : • الوقوف على نوعية مشكلات التغطية الإخبارية في الصحف اليومية. • الوصول إلى منهج علمي لحل مشكلة تغطية الأخبار المحلية في الصحف اليومية. • معرفة مدى استخدام التقنيات الحديثة لحل مشكلات تغطية الأخبار المحلية. • دعم الجهود البحثية في مجال تغطية الأخبار المحلية في الصحف اليومية. • الكشف عن مواضع الضعف و الوصول إلى استنتاجات تساعد في تطوير تغطية الأخبار المحلية. و بعد تحليل بيانات الدراسة من خلال استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS)، خلصت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية : • صعوبة تقديم تعريف جامع مانع للخبر ذلك أن مفهوم الخبر يختلف من عصر إلى عصر، و المفهوم السائد في القرن التاسع عشر هو غير المفهوم السائد في القرن العشرين.

• أن التغطية الإخبارية الصحفية السودانية تواجه عدة مشاكل قديمة و حديثة تتمثل في هيمنة السلطة على مصادر الأخبار و الرقابة القبلية للصحف و الحراك الدائر بين السلطة و صاحب البلاد في تدفق المعلومات.

كما خلصت أيضا إلى أن الصحافة السودانية ظلت أسيرة القوالب التحريرية المتعارف عليها لزمن طويل مثل قالب الهرم المعتدل و المقلوب و مشتقاتهما بالإضافة إلى صدور الصحف بشكل إخراجي شبه ثابت. • أن الصفحات الداخلية (الوسط) بالصحيفتين "أخبار اليوم و الوطن" نالت أعلى نسبة في التغطية الإخبارية المحلية.

حيث بلغت في صحيفة أخبار اليوم نسبة 59,3 %، أما بصحيفة الوطن فبلغت نسبة 64 %. • إن استخدام الصحيفتين لوسائل الإبراز كثيرة و خاصة الصورة التي تحتل نسبة كبيرة من مساحة الصحافة.

حيث بلغت نسبة 67,7 بصحيفة الوطن، و نسبة 66,1 بصحيفة أخبار اليوم. • و كذلك خلصت الدراسة إلى أن كثرة الإعلانات في الصفحات الأولى و الأخيرة مما يؤثر على تغطية الأخبار المحلية على حساب الموضوعات الأخرى السياسية و الاجتماعية. • كثرة تغطية الأخبار السياسية خاصة في صحيفة أخبار اليوم حيث بلغت 41,9 %، و قلت الأخبار السياسية في صحيفة الوطن 27,3 %. • اعتماد الصحيفتين في تغطيتها للأخبار على المصادر المحلية، حيث بلغت في صحيفة أخبار اليوم 52,4 %، و صحيفة الوطن 86,7 %. و إليك بعض التوصيات التي يوصي بها الباحث في هذا البحث : • ضرورة الاهتمام بأنواع التغطيات الخبرية مثل التفسيرية و تغطية التحقيقات و هذا يتطلب من الصحفي الاهتمام بتفاصيل الأحداث عن طريق إجراء المقابلات مع مصادر الأخبار. • الاهتمام أكثر بالموضوعات الاجتماعية و خاصة حالات الفقر و التشرد و كيفية معالجتها عبر الصحافة. • تنوع في مصادر الأخبار و الاستفادة من تكنولوجيا المعلومات "من فيس بك–و انترنت و غيرها من المصادر الحية".

• تأهيل الكوادر الفنية في مجال التحرير و اللغات العالمية. • الاهتمام بتغطية قضايا المرأة و الطفل و عقد الورش و السمنارات التي تسهم في نشر الوعي. • العمل على تقوية و رتق النسيج الاجتماعي للمجتمع برفع الحس الوطني و المساهمة في التنمية. • تعدد الأساليب الإخراجية و التحريرية في الصحف و عدم الالتزام بالشكل الثابت، و ذلك لاجتذاب القارئ و التشوق و الإثارة. • تقليل نسبة الإعلانات بالصحف و خاصة في الصفحات الأولى و الأخيرة، حتى لا تكون الصحيفة صحيفة إعلانات فقط. • الاهتمام بقضايا الصحفيين و حل مشاكلهم الاجتماعية، و المشاركة الفاعلة في رفع الحس الوطني لكل الكوادر داخل المؤسسات الصحفية مستصحبين في ذلك نظرية المسؤولية الاجتماعية تجاه الوطن. • الاهتمام بالموضوعات العلمية و تغطية أنشطة البحوث.

English Abstract

This study has focused on the local news coverage in the period between 2009 up to 2010 through a sample of two news papers (Alwatan and Akhbar alyoum daily news papers) from which a random sample of 48 different issues from both news papers has been used to analyze and study the case.

The researcher has made the study out of four chapters as follows:- Chapter one is a methodological frame that contains the following topics: The introduction, the research objectives, the research’s problem, the community of the study and it’s type, the research’s questions, the research’s methodology , the previous studies and definitions for some terms and concepts Chapter two has been divided into four divisions as follows: Division one concentrated on the news whereas division two has focused on news types and concepts, in the third division the study has focused on the news resources as the last one has been made about the news drafting Chapter three has also been made into four divisions as following: Division one has been made about the news coverage as division two has concentrated on defining the news coverage in the third division the researcher has included a comparison about the news coverage between Television and news papers as division four has focused on the problems which face the news coverage Chapter four has covered the field study and has been made in divisions as following : As in division one the research has discussed the History of information and its development, division two has focused on the history and developing of Alwatan and Akhbar alyoum daily news papers as division three has come up with the procedures steps for a field study, the scientific steps to design the form of content, analyzing Akhbar alyoum’s form of content, analyzing Alwatan’s form of contents, results, recommendations, conclusion, references, sources and attachments The researcher has used the methodology of analyzing contents through out a questionnaire which included sixteen topics all of them have focused on knowing out the efficiency and contents of the local news in order to achieve the research’s objectives which are: • To know the type of problems for the news coverage in the local news papers.

• To find out a scientific methodology solving out the problems of coverage in the local daily news papers.

• To find out how do the modern technologies are used in solving the daily news coverage problem.

• To support the efforts of researching in the field of local news coverage.

• Finding out the weakness and attempting to come out with results that help into developing the news coverage The research has resulted into the following through using the statistic program (statistic package for social science) (SPSS) in analyzing the data • it’s difficult to find an accurate definition for the news that is because the concept of news defers from a time to an other time as the common concept in the nineteenth century is not the same as the concept in the twentieth century even the concept of news in the early decades of the twentieth century is not like what in the late decades.

• The news coverage in Sudan is facing a lot of problems some of them are old and some are modern and that is in the strict control of governments on the news resources and the pre-observation over news papers in addition to the conflict between the government and normal residents in the information flood.

• The Sudanese news papers are still concentrating on the classic editing methods such as the straight pyramid and the up right pyramid which has been used for a very long time what’s more is that the news papers layout is fixed.

• The local news coverage has shown the highest percentage in both Alwatan and Akhbar alyoum local news papers has been made in the internal pages.

• both news papers are using illustrations most than needed specially the picture that uses a big space from the news paper • there are a lot of advertisement in both the first and last page which result into covering only the local news instead of other topics such as political and social issues • The concentration on covering the political news especially in Akhbar alyoum news paper that mainly focus on political news.

• Taking no care about the cultural issues and the space which is provided for that is really tinny in both news papers • Both news papers are using the local resources for getting news such as other news papers and the local views.

• The local opinion is interacting with what is being published in news papers and they display their opinions through the opinion pages which are specified for that reason.

• The coverage of political news gets more concentration than other type of news such as cultural and economical.

• Both newspapers are depending on other news papers in getting their news although it’s important to find other sources such as internet and etc… • The most type of coverage used in both news papers is the reportage which is mainly a form of journalism report that held within the peace agreement • In both news papers there is a concentration on the news coming from the capital city and the majority of VIPs are in the capital as a result the news which are focusing on states and international affairs have been ignored • In Akhbar alyoum news paper the technique of the up right pyramid is mainly used where as the straight pyramid is used in Alwatan news paper • There is a lack of journal correspondents in states which makes the information flooding from the states is very little • It has been shown that the political news has been offered the highest percentage of concentration as it has arrived in about 41.9% • The study has shown out that there is a lack of coverage for the states affairs as it has been rated to be about 30% in Alwatan news paper and about 36% in Akhbar alyoum news paper • The study has found out that the scientific news are very tinny The research has finally come out with some recommendations as following: • It is highly important to focus on various types of news coverage such as interpretations , investigations and these types requires the journalist to be more aggressive towards the detailed events through making interviews with the news sources • It is important to concentrate on social issues like poverty and displacement in order to find ways solving them • To take care about crime and accidents news • To care about the cultural issues and cover different cultural events • To make use of several sources of information like internet and etc… • To offer an adequate training for people whom are working in journalism in the fields of languages and editing • To concentrate on development issues and enlighten them • To find out new techniques not only those classical ones which have been used for ages • To take care about scientific issues through covering the researches activities which are held at universities • To create some partial offices in the state to provide news from there as to make use of the advance technology in transferring life scenes from the state especially those which are influencing the local communities there • To reduce the quantity of advertisements in news papers especially on the first and last page • To concentrate on woman and children issues as to make workshops and seminars which contribute in rising the awareness about them • To create different styles in editing and layout and not to stick on the fixed style in order to catch the readers attention • To strength the social ties to rise up the national awareness and to participate in development • To take care about the journalists affairs and to find solutions for their social crises and to participate effectively in rising the national awareness for all candidates in the journalism institutions

Main Subjects

Media and Communication

Topics

• News flow
• Sudan
• Newspapers
• Acquittals

No. of Pages

125

Table of Contents

• APA
• MLA
• AMA

Language

Arabic

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-338850