Co-administration of ketoconazole and tacrolimus to kidney transplant recipients : cost minimization and potential metabolic benefits

Abstract EN

To evaluate the effects of the co-administration of tacrolimus and ketoconazole to a group of kidney transplant recipients, we studied 30 kidney transplant recipients with stable kidney function who were maintained on tacrolimus-based immunosuppression.

They were prescribed ketoconazole (100 mg / day) with a concomitant reduction in daily tacrolimus dose to maintain its level within the therapeutic range.

The study included 19 males and 11 females with a mean age of 36 ± 12 years.

All patients were at least three months post-transplant and had tacrolimus trough levels within the therapeutic range of 5-7 ng / mL.

Desired tacrolimus trough levels could be achieved in 29 / 30 patients after the addition of ketoconazole.

This resulted in a significant reduction of the median tacrolimus dose from 5 mg / day (range 3-20 mg / day) at baseline to 2 mg / day (range 1-4 mg / day) (P = 0.00).

The median reduction in the tacrolimus dose was 63 % (range 50-83 %).

The median monthly tacrolimus cost dropped from 375 US$ per patient (range 225-1440 US$) to 150 US$ per patient (range 120-300 US$).

There were no reported adverse drug effects during the study period.

After one year of follow-up, there was a small but significant improvement in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (72 ± 18 versus 78 ± 20 mL / min, P = 0.01) and a significant reduction in serum uric acid levels (7.7 ± 1.7 versus 5.9 ± 0.8 mg / dL, P = 0.003).

The co-administration of ketoconazole and tacrolimus to kidney transplant recipients is safe and significantly reduces the cost of immunosuppression.

In addition, this combination appears to have a beneficial effect on kidney function.