How to Choose “Last Mile” Delivery Modes for E-Fulfillment

Abstract EN

“Last mile” delivery has become one of the bottlenecks of e-logistics.

This paper aims to explore the competitiveness of three “Last mile” delivery modes—attended home delivery (AHD), reception box (RB), and collection-and-delivery points (CDPs) in different scenarios, especially in high population density scenario.

The advantages and disadvantages of each mode are introduced first.

Then each mode’s operation efficiency is solved with different kinds of vehicle routing problem (VRP) models and genetic algorithm (GA).

Finally the cost of each mode is calculated on the basis of cost structures and operation efficiencies.

The results show that different modes are suitable for different scenarios: (i) AHD and independent reception box work better in a scenario with sparse population or small order quantity; (ii) shared reception box and CDPs are more appropriate in the scenario with high population density and large order quantity, and the better one depends on the cost of labors and facilities; (iii) RB is desirable in some circumstances as delivering fresh vegetables and fruits to the ones living in high-grade communities.