Disruption of Nrf2 Enhances Upregulation of Nuclear Factor-κB Activity, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the Brain after Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract EN

Inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cytoprotection against inflammation.

The present study investigated the role of Nrf2 in the cerebral upregulation of NF-κB activity, proinflammatory cytokine, and ICAM-1 after TBI.

Wild-type Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 (−/−)-deficient mice were subjected to a moderately severe weight-drop impact head injury.

Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were performed to analyze the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Immunohistochemistry staining experiments were performed to detect the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).

Nrf2 (−/−) mice were shown to have more NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, and ICAM-1 expression in brain after TBI compared with their wild-type Nrf2 (+/+) counterparts.

The results suggest that Nrf2 plays an important protective role in limiting the cerebral upregulation of NF-κB activity, proinflammatory cytokine, and ICAM-1 after TBI.