Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4—Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease : Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management
Joint Authors
Papagianni, Aikaterini
Pateinakis, Panagiotis
Source
International Journal of Nephrology
Issue
Vol. 2011, Issue 2011 (31 Dec. 2011), pp.1-8, 8 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2011-02-06
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
8
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
The term cardiorenal syndrome refers to the interaction between the heart and the kidney in disease and encompasses five distinct types according to the initial site affected and the acute or chronic nature of the injury.
Type 4, or chronic renocardiac syndrome, involves the features of chronic renal disease (CKD) leading to cardiovascular injury.
There is sufficient epidemiologic evidence linking CKD with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The underlying pathophysiology goes beyond the highly prevalent traditional cardiovascular risk burden affecting renal patients.
It involves CKD-related factors, which lead to cardiac and vascular pathology, mainly left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and vascular calcification.
Risk management should consider both traditional and CKD-related factors, while therapeutic interventions, apart from appearing underutilized, still await further confirmation from large trials.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Pateinakis, Panagiotis& Papagianni, Aikaterini. 2011. Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4—Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease : Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management. International Journal of Nephrology،Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-509781
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Pateinakis, Panagiotis& Papagianni, Aikaterini. Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4—Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease : Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management. International Journal of Nephrology No. 2011 (2011), pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-509781
American Medical Association (AMA)
Pateinakis, Panagiotis& Papagianni, Aikaterini. Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4—Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease : Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management. International Journal of Nephrology. 2011. Vol. 2011, no. 2011, pp.1-8.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-509781
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-509781