تركيا و الاتحاد الأوروبي : بحث في مراحل الانضمام و محدداته

Abstract EN

The research discusses the stages of Turkey's accession to the European Union to the present.

Turkish government presented a formal request in 9191 for the first time to accede to the European Group.

The modernization and reformation of the Turkish political system, its institutions, and its mechanisms remained essential targets in the minds of Turkish politicians right from the beginning.

The first historical step was taken by the founder of Modern Turkey, Mustafa Attatork who made many reforms like the elimination of all the backward conventions which dominated the Ottoman Empire at that time.

These reforms were political, economic, and military.

At the same time, Attatork was open-minded and eager to comprehend and imitate the western institution in general and the European in particular, especially in administration.

The Turkish attempts to accede were always received with a kind of disinterest and dissatisfaction on the part of the Europeans who were justifying their attitude by the instability of the Turkish political system, or for economic reasons.

The European justifications were finally ended by the criterion of Copenhagen.

This was interpreted by the official Turkish opinion as The Union's not serious attempt to allow Turkey be part of it.

The research also analyzes the main obstacles that faced Turkey's retraction to the European Union like the instability of the political system and the confiscation of democracy and human rights, on one hand, and the civic and religious heritage, on the other, besides problems like overpopulation and Greece's refusal to vote for Turkey's retraction to the European Union because the long lasting Turkish-Greek conflict over Cyprus and other problems .

The research takes into consideration the attitude of the major European governments and political parties, for example, in Germany and France, especially after the rise of the Christian democratic right wing into power in most of the European countries.