تغير الأمطار في منابع النيل و أثره في الاحتياجات المائية لجمهورية مصر العربية

Abstract EN

The Arab Repubاic of Egypt Faces significant challenges concerning its current water and future water position, which almost can be named as a real water crisis due to the increasing of future water requirements.

By comparing the water requirements for the coming years, with total water resources of 70.5 billion m3 in 2012, we will find that there is a water deficiency, which is increasing with the passing of years.

The water deficit for 2015,2020,2025 and 2050 is estimated to be 6.8, 11.48, 17.04 and 65.5 billion m3.

So, the aims of the research is to study the direction and rate of monthly and yearly rainfalls in the headwaters of the Nile as it recorded in the metrological records.

Also, this research aims to reveal the spatial differences in rainfalls rates between the countries of headwaters of the Nile in order to determine the trends of future cooperation for implementing the projects of clouds' seeding and water harvest.

Finally, it aims to determine the impact of the total rainfall on the volume of the drained water to Egypt.

The study relied on ten weather stations, which are distributed at Ethiopia (4 stations), south of Sudan (three stations), , Uganda (two stations) and Kenya (one station).

The study covers a period that ranged from 40-50 years.

Furthermore, the direction and amount of the rains have been studies as well as the spatial difference of rains in stations.

Moreover, the research studies the relationship between the rates of yearly and monthly rains and water drainage at River Niles, the future water needs and the suggested methods for increasing it.

The study reached to that the change of rainfalls towards decline in the headwaters of the Nile is not considered to be real crisis towards the increasing of Egypt's share of waters although rainfalls is considered to be the real and significant factor that has impact on the supplied water to Egypt.

The real problem lies in the lack of proper implementation for harvesting and managing rainwater, as water harvesting and seeding have positive effect on increasing the Egyptian water resources with more than 30 billion m3, which amounts compensate future water deficit.