أداء منتخبات من زهرة الشمس تحت كثافتين نباتية لتحمل تربة ملحية صودية

Abstract EN

To study the effect of selection on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown with three planting methods stress in saline - sodic soils for tolerance, field experiments were carried out at 2010 and 2011.

The cultivar Shumoos from sunflower was grown on the field of Dept.

of Field Crops / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad, in a saline – sodic soil in three planting methods: rows in plot, top of furrow and furrow bottom.

Superior phenotypic plants were selected according to phenotype and higher yield for each planting method under 10% selection pressure.

Selected genotypes and the progenitor were grown in comparison experiment under two plant densities (53 and 89 thousand plant/ha).

A randomized complete block design with three replications in factorial arrangement was used.

The results of comparison experiment, showed that the selected genotype of rows gave higher seed yield, harvest index and no.

of seed /head (5.47 ton/ha, 45.57% and 2763.0 seed, respectively).

The higher density gave higher seed yield and dry matter (6.08 and 13.97 t/ha, respectively).

It was concluded that selection in a saline – sodic soil under planting methods especially those selected from rows improved genotype performance when grown in a saline – sodic soil.

The higher ratio of genetic variance to environmental variance under planting densities was for no.

of seed/head and seed weight (41.11, 28.75, 12.53 and 11.89, respectively).

There were four traits, especially seeds/head and seed weight could be used successfully for any breeding program to improve or screen sunflowers tolerant to saline – sodic soil.