إشكالية التسامح في الفقه الإسلامي بين الواقع و المغالطات

Abstract EN

A look at the history of Islam shows that the sectarian hatred and the religious battles were far away from Islam-land and the Muslims, from the beginning of Islam, knew that Tolerance is a civilized behavior and a social virtue represents in respecting other beliefs, coexist with their believers and accepting the aliens while you are able to reject.

Whereas Tolerance, as a special principle, was never known until after the religious battles in Europe and after it suffered a lot from spiritual tyranny and religious oppression.

Tolerance is mentioned in Quran in a lot of verses and in Prophet Muhammad Sunna it occurs as much as this word, Tolerance, is related to every aspect of life.

So according to these two, Quran and Sunna, the Islamic tolerance manifested itself in the relationship between Muslims and non Muslims.

It puts a group of jurisprudential rules and principles and behavioral regulations for tolerance, all of these show that Islam is the religion of facilitation, mercy and it comes to save the humanity from misguidance to the light .

With the appearance of the concept of state and civil society the notion of tolerance exited from the field of personal, individual and optional behavior to a collective, international and obligatory one and became a foundation for each political organization in west and then in the world.

In this way tolerance began religiously then it was supported philosophically.

Muslims then confused how to coincide between tolerance as value for virtue and between the concept of terrorism in Holy Quran.

It doesn't conflict if people want to protect themselves and at the same time have the highest and noblest characteristics of human beings.

There is also the mistake of inability to reconcile between tolerance and applying the principle and base of reciprocity, and if this principle in Islam is compared to others we will conclude to the fact that this principle was decided to protect Muslims from aggressors.

There is also another misunderstanding about the conflict of tolerance with aliens of non Muslims and the issue of loyalty.

Being loyal to Islam doesn't mean rejecting others because it is called to defend itself if it was attacked military or intellectually, and because Islam is the religion of tolerance and forgiveness it orders peace for those who don't abuse.

This is the coincide between the Islamic tolerance and rejecting loyalty to its aggressor opponents.

This coincide is considered a barrier between tolerance and forgiveness from one side and weakness, coward and villainy from another side.