فاعلية الذات والامل لدى المصابات بسرطان الثدي في اق ليم كردستان العراق

Abstract AR

Cancer disease is regarded as one of the diseases that psychologically have a devastating impact on the patient besides it is physically dangerous.

This word, cancer disease, always conjures up fears of death, destruction, suffering, disfigurement, and depression.

It also leads to anxiety and stress for the patient and those around him / her such as family and relatives.

Accordingly, it is necessary to study this disease and take it into consideration.

The researcher, throughout her interviews with thirteen infected women of breast cancer, has noticed that the psychological condition and moral resistance against the disease and the extent of their interaction with the course of life, differ from one case to another in terms of how they have self-efficacy or their hope positively towards life, helps them to resist the disease and respond to the therapy more, as well as not to concern abnormally about the things that frustrate their efficacy and hope in life.

The importance of self-efficacy and hope are manifested here, as through their role in developing the individual’s personality and achieving goals in a healthy, and safe manner and protecting one self from the risks that she / he encounter whether the problems or illness are psychological or physical,through their reflections in cneating healthy trends towards personality and enhance its coherent survival in health and disease.

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This affects them physically as well as psychologically.

The importance of studying these combined variables becomes obvious here for us, particularly among infected women of breast cancer due to the impact of each of these variables on the patient’s psychological condition, which affect negatively their health.

In the present study, the researcher aims at identifying the following: .

Levels of the two variables: self-efficacy, hope, for the sample as a whole, and according to the therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

2.

Significans of the differences in the levels of self-efficacy, hope according to: marital status, city.

3- The correlation relation between each of the self-efficacy, hope, and each of: age, duration of illness, and academic achievement.

The community of the present research consists of the infected women with breast cancer in the hospitals of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah provinces who were (397) infected women in 2013.

The researcher has taken (150) infected women as a sample for the research.

In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher has developed two instruments: the first one for measuring hope, while for measuring the self-efficacy the researcher has used Al-Ataby’s Scale (2012).

After the confirmation of the psychometric properties (i.e.

validity, reliability and discrimination) of the two scales, the researcher has applied them on the research sample and yielded the data that have been treated statistically for the following results: 1.

The level of self-efficacy and hope was low the women undergoing chemotherapy while the result was the opposite with that undergoing radio therapy.

2.

There is no significant difference in the (self-efficacy, hope) according to marital status, while on the provinces level the self-efficacy was high in erbil.

4- The correlation relationship is negative between self-efficacy and each of age and illness duration, and is positive between self efficacy and academic achievement, and is positive between feeling of guilt and each of age and duration of the illness, and is negative between feeling of guilt and academic achievement.

Finally, in light of the results the researcher has put forward a set of recommendations and proposals for further studies