دراسات في تاريخ الإقطاع في العصور الإسلامية

Abstract EN

The scholars are differed about the beginning of feudal,some says that it has been known already in the oldest Babylonic period .

while others think that has been of the Fourth Century .some scholars .

believe that it has began in the time of the caliph al-mutwakil (232-247 A.H) who made anew social class from the military to support him The orientlists wrote about the differences between the feudal in Islamic period and The feudal in Europe : some says that there are great differences between them while others says that they were appeared in the same time and no any differences between them .But the beginning of feudal in the Islamic period was as result of Islamic religion.

It was related with foundation of the territorial armies.

It was founded for the sake of the Islamic caliphate in order to facilitate the Islamic conquests.

The soldiers were paying ushr to the Government for utilizing the land.

In the Abbasid period the meaning of feudalism became more extending.

There was feudalism of possession, and feudalism of utilizing.I n spite of what the large landed properties called the feudalism.

The Buwaihid and saljuqid permitted those who were given feudalism, to force the farmers to pay an extra taxes.The talgiah were spread because of the week citizen who was committing his dayah to the protection of the strong in order to indemnity it .The Peasant therefore saw an advantage in having ground amelioration works undertaken ,even if they lose the right of property and they made liable to an impose surpassing the one that other wise had to be paid to the state treasury.