تأثير استراتيجيتي PQ4R و SWOM في تنمية التفكير العلمي و الحد من التلوث النفسي لدى الرياضين

Abstract EN

1- Identifythe level of scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics.

2- Idenfity the effect of PQ4R and SWOM strategies in the scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics.

3- Identify which one of the previous strategies achieve more progress in the development of scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics.

Two approaches were used: the descriptive approach with the criteria studies and comparison studies methods in measuring the scientific thinking and psychological pollution among athletics as well as the experimental approach with two equal groups were used.

Two modern strategies were used: PQ4R and SWOM in developing the scientific thinking and reducing the psychological pollution among athletics.

The research population was identified by athletics from the students of the second level in the Faculty of physical education and sports science, Babylon University, for the academic year (2013-2014), who were 112 students.

The research sample was divided into 25 students in the pretest group and 87 students in the main experiement: 44 students in the class B in applying the PQ4R strategy and 43 students in the class c in applying the SWOM strategy.