The protective role of clomiphene citrate against the physiological effects resulted from atrazine exposure in albino rats

Other Title(s)

الدور الوقائي لسترات الكلومفين ضد التأثيرات الفسلجية الناتجة من التعرض للأترازين في الجرذان المختبرية

Dissertant

al-Atabi, Muhammad Rajjy Shibl

Thesis advisor

al-Diwan, Muhammad Ali Muhammad

University

University of Basrah

Faculty

Veterinary College

Department

Physiology

University Country

Iraq

Degree

Ph.D.

Degree Date

2013

English Abstract

The present study was conducted at Veterinary Medicine College– university of Basrah to investigate the protective effects of clomiphene citrate on reproductive , biochemical and histological effects which may result from atrazine exposure and the relation with adiponectin hormone .

The study was divided into three experiments .

The first experiment deals with males parameters, whereas the second one deals with the females parameters .

The third experiment deals with the reproductive efficiency.

Thirty male rats and thirty female rats were used in the first and second experiment respectively.

Each experiment was divided into five groups each group consisted of 6 animals .

The first group (G1) served as a control group in which the rats orally dosed with distil water , the second group (G2) orally dosed with atrazine 50 mg /kg for 30 days , the rest 3 groups ( G3 , G4 , G5) were orally dosed with atrazine (ATZ) 50 mg /kg and different doses of clomiphene citrate(CC) 0.5 mg / kg to the group (G3) , 0.6 mg / kg to the group (G4) and 0.7 mg / kg to the group (G5) , daily for 30 days.

At the end the experiments , animals were sacrificed to test the reproductive , biochemical and histological parameter measurements.

The results revealed that atrazine exposure resulted in significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in body weights , relative organs weights ( testis , epididymis , ovaries ) , sperms count , percentage of individual sperm motility , percentage of life sperms , whereas the morphological abnormal sperms increased significantly.

The testosterone hormone in males , estradiol and prolactin hormones in females,FSH , LH , and adiponectin hormones in both sexes were decreased significantly in atrazine exposed groups.

Serum boichemicals affected negatively by atrazine exposure .This appeared from the significantly elevated serum total cholesterol , triglycerides ,LDL-C , VLDL-C ,AST , ALT , creatinine and the decreased HDL-C , serum total protein , albumin , and globulin in males and females experiments.

The protective treatment with 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg CC result in significant elevation (p≤ 0.05) in body weights , relative organs weights ( testis , epididymis , ovaries ) .

The seminal analysis in response to CC revealed a significant increase in sperms count , percentage of individual sperm motility and percentage of life sperms .

The CC improved sperms morphology by reducing the morphologically abnormal sperms.

Hormonal assay revealed that estradiol and prolactin in females , testosterone in males ,FSH , LH , and adiponectin in both sexes elevated significantly with CC treatment 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg .The CC treatment 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg increased significantly HDL-C , serum total protein , albumin , globulin and reduced serum total cholesterol , triglyceride ,LDL-C , VLDL-C , liver and kidney functions were improved by reducing serum AST , ALT and creatinine in both sexes.

The response to the dose of 0.5 mg / kg of CC was fluctuating between having positive impacts by raising significantly the body weights , hormonal assays in both sexes , relative weights of the testis , serum albumin in males , and significantly decreased triglycerides and LDL-C in females or being ineffective in the relative weights of the epididymis , ovaries ,morphologically abnormal sperms, serum creatinine in males , all lipids profile in males ,serum total protein and globulin in males ,all measured serum proteins in females.

The histological examination displayed that the testis , epididymis and ovaries of atrazine 50 mg /kg exposed rats negatively affected by atrazine exposure .

Whereas , the histological investigation of testis , epididymis and ovaries of the groups treated with 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg clomiphene citrate and atrazine 50 mg / kg improved and showed approximately normal features.

With regard to the third experiment (reproductive efficiency experiment) , 10 male and 20 female rats were used , they were divided into five groups : • Control group consisted of 2 non treated males, mated with 4 non treated females .

• Group 1 consisted of 2 atrazine 50 mg / kg exposed males mated with 4 non treated females .

• Group 2 consisted of 2 non treated males mated with 4 atrazine 50 mg / kg exposed females.

• Group 3 consisted of 2 non treated males mated with 4 atrazine 50 mg / kg and 0.7 mg / kg CC treated females.

• Group 4 consisted of 2 atrazine 50 mg / kg and 0.7 mg / kg CC treated males mated with 4 non treated female rats .

After they were allowed to mate for 30 days the fertility percentage were 100 % in control group and it droped to zero in the groups 1 and 2 , whereas it reached to 100% in group 4 and 75 % in group 3.

Main Subjects

Pharmacy, Health & Medical Sciences

No. of Pages

150

Table of Contents

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Language

English

Data Type

Arab Theses

Record ID

BIM-743195