دراسة في أهمية أرض السواد الاقتصادية في حقبة صدر الإسلام

Abstract EN

Land black formed a great importance within the march of events of the history of Arab Islamic state, and this land written by historians and geographers Arab Muslims a history and description, Vark historians of the events that took place there, and I care geographers determine its borders and measuring the area ranged estimates between (200/43 km 2) and (000 / 48 km 2), this was of interest to select the majority of central Iraq wars when Alalt area or to the far south, and this black historians have taken the biggest attention compared to the existing black in the Levant near Balqa.

Muslims open vast land (Iraq) after it was for many centuries under the rule of the Persian Sassanids and those before them, and when opened and settled the matter of the Muslims who had been kept on a lot of financial and administrative systems, which was adopted by the local people in the management of the country's affairs, and the Caliph Omar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) had refused to divide the land of black fighters in order to be on benefits for generations to come, however, was retained land owners against the payment of the abscess it in order not to Atrakhy Muslim fighters and Enksoa about the performance of their mission, as well as to keep fighting force.

Since the vast majority was an area somewhat, if it must vary its territory and each type characteristics and advantages of which was the land of the black varieties are: Sawafi: They own a caliphate which are the property of the state and called Suaa forward ground.

Magistrate land: the land that the benefit of its people Muslims to pay them a single tax and keep the ownership of their land to them.

Tax land: General was imposed on the people of the region and then distributed among themselves on individuals.