أثر عنصر التساقط على الجريان السطحي في حوض نهر الزاب الصغير

Abstract EN

Rainfall is regarded is one of the most important aspect of the condensation of water evaporation in the air.

The fall of what clouds bear like drops of water, hail and snow.

The most important form of rainfall is the main determinant of the amount of water flow of the river discharge depends on climate especially the rainfall of All types.

The nature of these formations in terms of penetrability and storability has impact in the amount of the feeding of the water when the rain and snow resources are cut.

The features of the formation is also important whether it is mud or dry or mild.

The climatic elements and the natural plants represented in forests and water planets and mountain plants have also impact in terms of absorption and also the kind of soil and the nature of the arrangement of the granules all have role in the process of fluvial discharge.

Rainfall variance in time and place.

This variance accrues in the long run known as the climatic change, and the periodic changes known as the seasonal changes.

There is a probable change of rainfall.

The rainfall differs in time by the effect of latitude, height from sealevel, as well as according to the local circumstances at east station.

The discharge rate attained m3 / sec in Frontal station of Ducan dam (167.89) M3 / sec in the rear of Ducan Dam (163.69) M3 sec.

in the rear of Dabes Dam (112.5) M3 / sec, and in Kirkuk irrigation station (65.76) M3 / sec.

It seems that time has an effect in Ducan Dam as the effect attained % 29 in the period 1990-2012.

While the rear station the effect attained % 31 for the period 1990-2012, and in the rear of Dabes Dam the effect attained % 37 for 1990-2012 m and in Kirkuk Irrigation station it attained % 0.03 for the period 1990-2012.