A comprehensive study on bird seed mixtures entered to Iraqi Kurdistan region markets

Joint Authors

Abd Allah, Sumayyah Ahmad
Khalaf, Ahmad Salih

Source

مجلة جامعة دهوك

Publisher

University of Duhok

Publication Date

2016-06-30

Country of Publication

Iraq

No. of Pages

11

Main Subjects

Natural & Life Sciences (Multidisciplinary)

English Abstract

Bird seed mixtures samples were collected in (23/2/2013) from the local public grocer market from Iraqi Kurdistan Region Governorates- Erbil, Sulaimani, Duhok and Kirkuk by ( Abdulla and Khalaf, 2014).

These sample were subjected to many tests such as germination, viability, moisture, physical test and seed infestation by fungi and insects to give adequate information for these bird seed mixtures entered to Kurdistan Region as there are no survey or studies in this direction.

The results revealed that these mixtures were not blended properly within the standard rules, as great variation was evident even within the seed of same species; while it supposes to be no less than 5% for each species.

Most of the seeds species were viable according to standard germination tests, seeds were varied for normal percentage, abnormalities and non- germinated seeds within the same species but with different governorates, country source, and package materials.

It suppose that the birds seeds must be non-germinable and must treated either by heat or sterilizing methods to prevent misuse as a narcotic purpose such as hemp.

The highest non-germinated seeds were recorded from Poland at Kirkuk for some seeds according storage for long time or treatments (millet, canary, oat, flax, safflower, sorghum, niger, sunflower).

Such variation in moisture content could be attributed to the permeability of packaging materials, their storage condition, and duration which was not specified.

Low moisture content, in general was evident for oily seeds as they posses lower affinity with water in comparison to starchy or proteinous seeds.

Two species of fungi (Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus stolonifer) and three species of insects (Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum, and Tribolium confusum) were identified in some bird seed samples

Data Type

Conference Papers

Record ID

BIM-797373

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