التجارة بين دول الشرق القديم خلال العصور البرونزية

Abstract EN

The Old East is the heart of the ancient world, or the focal point of it.

It is the cradle of the oldest human civilization and its essential innovations for humanity.

And it is the largest field of political and military confrontations in all roles of history.

The beginning that moved everything is Elantaj, took the man with the increasing experience of production more than he needed to consume, was to take the first step in the qualitative way of trade, starting by exchanging surplus goods with materials Others need it, and gradually exchange it with its neighbors and relatives to residents of other neighboring and remote areas.

Thus, some of the individuals who had the foot and the wobble rushed to further areas and left and wandered here and there and relieved their groups for a certain wage the burden of roaming and search for material they need or find suitable customers for exchanges.

Thus, the trade route was opened to exchange materials and goods which were transported by means of various means, both wild and wild.

They were animals used in the trade and transport of goods, donkeys, bulls, mules, horses, canals, vehicles or water transport such as ships and boats.

With strong powers to oversee these commercial operations to secure and protect the roads from attacks by bandits.

Because trade is a specialist job, it requires skill and knowledge of its affairs and business.

Especially the foreign trade of the countries of the region, so the kings and rulers entrusted their business activities to a group of these traders, who manage these various activities and in return enjoy privileges and social and economic rights over other people, which gave them fame in the history of business in the ancient East.

So that it would be necessary to inform the financial business of a legal framework which was a written contract between the parties and would normally be notified by the signature of witnesses.

Thus, the various and wide-ranging commercial activities have created a regulatory structure in the relations of those involved in their affairs or in the financial relations between them.

Thus, trade has contributed to raising the standard of living of the population and the spread of the civilization of this country through their commercial activities either between countries or between cities inside the country.

On the cultural level of the ancient East countries during the Bronze Age.