مشكلة المياه في القانون الدولي مع إشارة خاصة إلى العراق

Abstract EN

International law is divided into two main sections: public international law and private international law.

General international law refers to the rules and regulations of states and governments in the world in cases of war and peace, and the resulting conventions, treaties and protocols issued by the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies, signed by the independent States.

International private law is concerned with foreign individuals living in States and the rules governing them.

The water crisis lies in the totality of public international law as a whole.

The United Nations has already issued specific and binding rules on water sharing between States to guarantee the rights of States away from the source in order to prevent disputes between them.

The water crisis is generally defined as: imbalance between renewable and available water resources and increasing demand for water, represented by the emergence of a deficit in the water balance that is constantly increasing and over time leading to a major crisis, resulting in the obstruction of water development in countries that lack Adequate amounts of water meet their human and agricultural needs.

It also leads to serious environmental changes that shift natural resources to decline and possibly decay altogether.

This deficit, of course, means that the water needs of these countries are greater than those of the same countries, which are increasing over time as a result of population development as well as the decline in water resources, whether in agriculture or those that preserve the environment.

As well as the seasons of drought that hit large areas, especially in the continent of Africa as it was a growing international problem of concern to the world in general.

When the water deficit reaches a level that leads to economic and social damage that threatens the structure of the state, it has reached the so-called water crisis that we are experiencing here.

The water problem began in the last four decades and has been constantly drawn to the tragic results that have emerged strongly in the last two decades, including the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the first decade of the twenty-first century.

The water problem is intertwined with increasing food security in the context of the worsening global financial crisis and rising food prices.

The loss of rain for much of Africa has generated food and livestock crises, the most recent inter-state migrations and a major human tragedy at the time Himself.

These crises have spread over the past decades, leading to serious international problems that have not yet found effective solutions.

Food problems are concentrated in East Africa: Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya in particular.

It could also be in Asian countries soon.

In 2012 Oxfam confirmed that 12 million people needed food in densely populated areas.

In the Arab world, the water problem is becoming increasingly important, particularly with regards to the amount of water it receives and the fact that the Arab countries will suffer seriously from the problem of water scarcity, especially Egypt in the coming decades.

One of the most important problems facing Iraq is Kamant and will lie in the great dams that Turkey is building on the sources of the Tigris and the Euphrates, which are not benefiting Iraq and Syria.

These countries are in a special confrontation with Turkey, especially after the construction of the great jungle project since the mid- Dam.

Either Iran has diverted most of its rivers to pour into its territory as well as construction of large dams.

The problem is exacerbated by the fact that there are countries that lack sufficient water supplies, especially in proportion to their consumption.

The sources of most Arab rivers are in non-Arab countries such as the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates.

Iraq is one of the most affected countries.

Israel has also diverted some of the rivers into its territory without regard to international laws.

Which requires a strong Arab stand in this area.

Water degradation in countries results in major economic problems and exacerbates increased unemployment following a significant reduction in water supply.

This phenomenon adds a new factor in the development of the economic crisis in these countries, urging their governments to study and research in order to develop appropriate solutions.

The problem is large and complex.

It is not only about the Arab side but also about the countries in which the rivers benefit from the Arab world, because 62% of the Arab water is from outside, although this percentage does not cover the vast Arab lands, Where it suffers from an extended desert and more than 80%.

Hence, researchers in scientific research centers are concerned with identifying this problem and following it according to international laws and then warning governments about their future consequences for the population and the economic situation.

We present this research in this field as an addition to the Arabic library