المحاولات الإصلاحية للأخوين جراكوس و انعكاساتها على الأوضاع العامة للجمهورية الرومانية (133-121 ق م)‎

Abstract EN

The self-handing despotism of the aristocratic class in Rome since the beginning of the republican era has had many negative effects on the situation of the capital, in particular, and of all its obedience’s in general.

These affects illustrated in the marginalization of the other categorys of Roman society, namely the public class, as well as the Italian city dwellers, who were known as Latin or Allies, who are considered by Rome as citizens living and not equal of the Romans in civil rights.

However, from the womb of the noble class itself many reform calls had appeared to reform these conditions during the second half of the second century BC.

This reform movement was initially led by Tiberius Gracchus (133 BC), who was elected as a Tribune that year, as well as his brother Caius Gracchus, who had reached to tribune ship the year 122 BC.

Indeed the legal or constitutional errors which were committed by the Brothers Gracchus at the outset, and the opportunism of the public class, as well as the inhabitants of Italy made the Senate in cooperation with the noblemen and the rich of Rome abort these reform movements and eventually dislodge their leaders.

Consequently, the circumstances in the Roman Republic was getting worse and worse , leading at the end to many wars among the Romans, which known in ancient history as the civil wars