الكوارث البيئية في مكة و آثارها الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية خلال المدة من القرن الرابع حتى السابع الهجري

Abstract EN

The study of the disasters of the floods and epidemics in Mecca for the 4-7th century committed the researcher to develop a hypothesis based on the following questions: 1.

Did the success of the help of the successors and sultans of the countries in the face of the dangers of disasters and epidemics? 2.

Were the decisions of the rulers of Mecca and their plans accurate? 3.

What are the data of the disaster floods and epidemics on the social reality, economic and urban, and were the forms of social solidarity present? The study included four main axes.

The first dealt with disasters and environmental conditions, the model of floods and epidemics, and reading the conditions of menstruation during the study period.

The second topic focused on the role of the state's successors and sultans in sending aid.

The third axis highlighted the effects of these conditions on Mecca in the social, economic and urban aspects.

Material and moral to the affected areas, including the successors of the Abbasid and Fatimid state and the Sultans Bani Ayub and others as well as the wives of the caliphs and sultans and the level of their human offer.

And the position of the people of Mecca and their necks in the face of devastating floods and epidemics, and allocated the fourth axis to show the most important data of the crisis and the floods and epidemics and its consequences.