ظاهرتي التعدد في النكاح و الطلاق : قراءة و تحليل ميسر لبعض مظاهر الحياة الاجتماعية في حضارة و تاريخ الإسلام

Abstract EN

Marriage is a social phenomenon, its greatly related to the tradition and social value in every society.

marriage is not determined except in its religion and legal scope aiming at establishing an ideal family and, naturally, having children and raising them according to the appropriate norms and values of the couple.

Allah almighty said: "Allah hath given you wives of your own kind, and hath given you from your wives, sons and grandsons, and hath made provision of good things for you.

is it then in vanity that they believe and in the grace of Allah that they disbelieve?" thus, marriage is the established way of Allah with his creation and it is the essential base for social production.

therefore, it is considered as higher social systems by which the social and psychological stability is achieved.

and if the wise legislator wishing for the couple is to live happy and fill their life with love, intimacy and harmony, and of course they wish, however, such a life may experience some difficulties and problems which change this happiness into unhappiness, and blissing into hell.

this makes the couple lives in misery forever.

is it possible to live like this life? thus, Allah almighty legislate a solution which helps to a large extent to eliminate of this misery in married life, and enable the two parties (husband and wife ) to terminate this dark life in order to find another partner who helps to change such a life of misery into happiness, and from instability to stability.

Islamic history, in its different eras, witnessed deep changes affected on many aspects of life.

they involved changes in political, cultural, social and economic circumstances.

such changes had a great role in changing the way of marriage.

in this research paper, i do not aim to trace the phenomenon of marriage with its various aspects, and what has associated it of developments, changes and variations, or pros and cons at the different historical times, neither from the legal aspect or even from the cultural aspect or the economic aspect.

however, i aim to probe the phenomena i.e.

the tittle of this research paper (the polygamy and divorce ) as two social phenomena greatly occurred in human societies in general, and Islamic societies in particular.

in the light of our reading, i provide a simplified analysis for such phenomena keeping away from complications and pompous language which have no purpose.

this is what gives the topic of this research paper its significance from the social aspect which was a distinctive mark in the history and civilization of Islam in its different eras and stages.

moreover, a lot of troubles which vitiated the two phenomena, which are the topic of this research paper, were the main causes affecting on the whole Islamic nation.

based on this, the researches has used the descriptive analytical historical approach as well as using the correlation technique between them.

thus, i structure an arranged research paper, relying on the following sections and proposed contents.

the first section: the concept of marriage; the polygamy phenomenon which includes: the polygamy history, the roman law and polygamy, the Arabs viewpoints on polygamy, cure (solution ) to polygamy, Islam and polygamy, my opinion on polygamy principle.

the second section: divorce phenomenon, it includes the following items: definition of divorce, history of divorce, divorce development, defending of divorce, scholars' responsibility, and my opinion on divorce.

finally, i provide a conclusion involving some findings and inferences which i have found in this research paper.

i also offer all what have been cited in footnotes, and sources and references which i have used to obtain the required data related to this topic.