الجذور التاريخية للصراع الشيعي السني من المنازلات السياسية إلى الاختراق الإعلامي

Abstract EN

In the name of Allah the Merciful the Compassionate After the victory of the Muslims against the polytheists in the battle of Badr, the social structure changed.

There were Muslims, Polytheists, and the Jews.

And there appeared another category that didn't exist previously, the hypocrites.

The members of this group were found in the other categories, considering that the leaders of this group hid disbelieving and showed belief.

Hence, the;y interact with other groups and show each group a face.

Therefore, we find that this sect included those opportunists.

Their leader Abdullah Ibn obe;y Ibnsaloul accompanied the prophet Mohamed (peace be upon him), but in fact, he was coordinating with the other groups.

Eventually, this sect was the most dangerous for Islam and Muslims.

The evidence for that was his retaliation from the prophet in the Ifk incident.

On the political front, there was Abdullah Ibn Saba (Shiit reference) who was the burner of the alluring, and the one who supported the Caliphate of Ali IbnAbiTaleb at the expense of AbiBakr, Omar and Osman (ma;y Allah be pleased with them ).

So, he insulted them and all the companions who supported them.

He exaggerated in the support of Ali to the point of deification, and he gathered other supporters.

And in order to ensure the continuity of this idea, the;y invented a doctrine in both ideology and jurisprudence and explanation of Koran and they created a new religion in which the most dangerous dogma was mysticism.

The;y believed that there are two meanings for Koran, the surface meaning which is known by all people and a hidden meaning that no one knows it except some limited people who are the twelve Imams who are considered sinless.

And the Caliphate should be in the descendents of Ali (may Allah bepleasedwithhim), and exactly in the descendents of his son Hussein and his Persian wife from his son Ali Ibn Hussein ZineElabidineand the last Imam Mohamed Ibn Hussein, the expected "mahdi"; and those are the only men who know the secrets of Koran because they were inspired, and after them the task will be held by what became to be known as the mandate of "Fakih" (the Shiite reference across the different eras).

This is the intersection point; the Shiite followed a path and the Sunnis followed another path so that it is impossible to meet even if they tried as there was an imminent disaccording between them in the religion, ideology and what follows.

From what has been mentioned earlier, it is possible to consider that the disaccording between the Shiite and the Sunnis at the beginning was political and later, it was covered with religion in order to ensure its continuity; that's why the disagreement continued and I don't think that it will meet an end.

The only possibility of its end is pawned by the domination of one sect over the other and this is again something of phantasy.

The continuity of the disagreement between the Shiite and the Sunnis during fourteen centuriesand more proves the deepness of the problem.

The reason why the conflict still persists at the level of beliefs, like displacing from the Shiite the opposite of what he hides from the Sunni if he fears on himself, and the dangerous "Fatwa" in which the Shiite permits the killing of the Sunni and takeover his properties, and so on.

The differencesbetween the twosidescontinuedat the politicallevel.

Historians have counted about nine Shiite countries to preservethesebeliefs.

But the factthattheseideaswere not accepted by many people,the;yremainedweak.And whenevertheyried to expand and developand once people know these doctrinal and jurisprudentialproblemstheywithdrawfromtheir affiliation to them, like what happened to the Fatimid state, whichisconsidered the mostpowerful Shiite state thattook control overNorthAfrica and extendedits influence to the Middle East, but itwasrevolted and overthrownnearlytwo centurieslater,afterhavingshownitsenemihood to the companions, and itsexaggeration in the sanctification of Imam Ali (ma;y Allah bepleasedwithhim) and hisdescendentsespecially the Imam Hussein (ma;y Allah bepleasedwithhim).

In modern history, the victory of the Iranianrevolutionisonly a return to Shi'ism and revival of thesebeliefs.

ManyMuslimthinkersbelievethat the enemies of Islam have invested in thismatter and thatthe;y are the reason for the return of the Shiites to the forefront, amongthem, as an aspect of the confrontation betweenMuslims and otherideologies of both religions (Christianity and Judaism in particular), and betweenthem and the infidels (atheists) who do not recognize the existence of God.

Thus, Islam remains the only force facing all theseideas and ideologies in the world, and how canitbe able to cope with this conflict, asits social, intellectual and religiousdepthisinfected as a result of the languageimposed by colonialismsometwo centuries ago? An attempt to disrupt