ماكس شيلر و نقد الأخلاق الصورية الكانطية

Abstract EN

By following the most important points of the moral philosophy of Kant, which is a necessary reference in the history of moral thought in general, although not fully agreed by all philosophies and therefore has been subjected to many criticisms.

Kant's philosophy in the field of ethics and values is based on a set of principles.

First, it is based on the fact that the moral act is derived from the mind alone in a tribal form without the need for an experimental dimension of knowledge because it rejects utilitarian and experimental philosophy because it linked moral values with materialistic materiality and abstraction of its intellectual ideal.

The moral act is subject to a set of conditions without which it is not carrying any value among them, it must be based on the idea of duty in the sense that it stems from the good will of the person and the good intention is based only on the basis of the moral act, and this view presented by Kant has a direct relationship The concept of the person about The person has an end in itself and does not need anyone else to give him his value, apart from the thing that can be replaced, evaluated and valuated in the sense of giving him a comparable price.

He is interchangeable while the person can not be given a price and can not be considered a means of enjoying freedom and human dignity.

And independence, all these concepts make the person has an end in itself and not just a means.

This vision of the human person goes hand in hand with his strict moral conception, which establishes ethics on consistent moral principles of treating a person like other people, but this view presented by Kant has been criticized by the most powerful philosopher Max scheler who criticized all the foundations of philosophy In addition to explaining the errors that occurred in it as a result of refusing to limit moral values in its idealistic, transcendent aspect, which has nothing to do with the human reality of life, and therefore its morality does not express the purpose of man and human nature on the other hand, which can not be confined to the mind alone To the heart of the passion and the pivotal role that can not be compensated.From here scheler calls for a new morality that is not a sham but a physical one, and material here is not intended to pa;y attention to what is material only in the sense of achieving the benefits and pleasures in all wa;ys and means, but material in the sense that they are consistent with the nature of the human rational and the reality of life does not neglect either party, The role of passion and conscience in the formulation of an ethical system between the self and non-recognition of others and emotional participation in their joy and sorrows.

The scheler criticism of Kant was a founding critique that stems from the necessity of refusing to live in an unrealistic world, but to descend to the human reality.

There is a moral act that has a real meaning not to remain in the mind of its author.

Max scheler here categorically rejects the domain of values as an expression of the realm of mere purposes But has a realistic content and content and the best proof that we range in different values from the physical and utilitarian to the spiritual to the sacred.